Quality Coding

Ruby 1.9.2 installation from source on Ubuntu

Pawel Barcik — Mon, 12 Sep 2011 00:16:58 +0000

There are easier ways to install most up to date version of Ruby on your system , for e.g. RVM or rbenv but if you want to have full control over what are you installing because it will be your production system, then this post will show you how to do this.

To install Ruby from source you need to install some dependencies first

apt-get update

apt-get -y install build-essential zlib1g zlib1g-dev libxml2 libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev locate git-core libssl-dev openssl

apt-get -y install curl wget

apt-get -y install libreadline-dev

apt-get -y install libz-dev

apt-get -y install libssl-dev

apt-get -y install g++ libstdc++6-4.4-dev

apt-get -y install libxml2-dev

apt-get -y install mysql-client

apt-get -y install libmysql++-dev

apt-get -y install libmysql++3

apt-get -y install tk tk-dev

Now you are ready to install the actual ruby binaries

cd /usr/local/src/

# remove any previous source code
rm -r ruby-1.9.2-*

# fetch the latest code
wget http://ftp.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/1.9/ruby-1.9.2-p290.tar.gz

#unpack it
tar -xozf ruby-1.9.2-p290.tar.gz
cd ruby-1.9.2-p290

#edit Setup file
vi ext/Setup

In the ext/Setup file you need to uncomment the extensions that you need. I always leave commented out only Win32API, win32ole and tk because those extension are not necessary for web applications on Linux.

#Win32API
bigdecimal
curses
dbm
digest
digest/md5
digest/rmd160
digest/sha1
digest/sha2
dl
etc
fcntl
gdbm
iconv
io/wait
nkf
openssl
pty
racc/cparse
readline
ripper
sdbm
socket
stringio
strscan
syck
syslog
#tk
#win32ole
zlib

After you have chosen your extensions you can compile the code

./configure --program-suffix=1.9.2

# OPENVZ note - adjust the vps configuration , especially the PRIVVMPAGES because compilation may fail silently sometimes
make

# OPENVZ note
# tests sometimes fail in VPS-es because of lack of resources: sockets, memory etc.
# adjust the configuration , especially the KMEMSIZE
# and use "cat /proc/user_beancounters" to check the counters
make test

make install

After this installation all the ruby binaries will have suffix “1.9.2″ but if you would like to keep the suffix and still be able to use shorter names, then just run those commands

ln -s /usr/local/bin/erb1.9.2 /usr/local/bin/erb
ln -s /usr/local/bin/gem1.9.2 /usr/local/bin/gem
ln -s /usr/local/bin/irb1.9.2 /usr/local/bin/irb
ln -s /usr/local/bin/rake1.9.2 /usr/local/bin/rake
ln -sf /usr/local/bin/rdoc1.9.2 /usr/local/bin/rdoc
ln -sf /usr/local/bin/ri1.9.2 /usr/local/bin/ri
ln -s /usr/local/bin/ruby1.9.2 /usr/local/bin/ruby
ln -s /usr/local/bin/testrb1.9.2 /usr/local/bin/testrb

Ruby code includes gem binary which is usually outdated so to update this binary run this command

gem update --system

Now everything is installed and ready for use if you have /usr/local/bin in your system PATH. If not then add this

PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:$PATH

to /root/.bash_profile (for root only) and /etc/profile (for all except root)

in /etc/profile do not add anything below

umask 022

at the bottom of the file

Symfony2 pagination with controller as a service and data sorting

Pawel Barcik — Sun, 11 Sep 2011 23:21:16 +0000

Symfony2 doesn’t provide any good pagination tools out of the box so to solve this quite important problem I have created my own solution.

I needed to be able to paginate data based on requested page and per_page parameters through GET and POST requests. Second important thing was to be able to sort displayed data by id, title, etc.

I could have created some Paginator class but I wanted to be able to tweak each part of the process as I see fit on a per controller basis and I wanted to be able to access necessary functions through very short function calls directly in a controller.

I decided to extend all my controllers with necessary helper functions which would be available across all of them whenever I need to paginate something.

First problem was extending the controllers. Symfony2 docs page http://symfony.com/doc/2.0/book/controller.html shows you how to create controllers in a vary common way, but what it doesn’t say is that in this way you won’t be able to extend all controllers without running into various problems with access to the service container and Doctrine2 EntityManager which is needed to work with your data.

The solution to above problems is to use controllers as a service which allows you to use class inheritance, interfaces etc. in any way you want.

Application setup

Lets assume the application is configured as follows:

bundle is located in src/Foo/DemoBundle
all controllers will extend ApplicationController class which extends Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\Controller
pagination template is located in here src/Foo/DemoBundle/Resources/views/Pagination/pagination.html.twig
all necessary twig macros will be stored in here src/Foo/DemoBundle/Resources/views/global_macros.html.twig

Controller as a Service

To set up your controller as a service you need to modify your routing and service configuration.

Foo/DemoBundle/Resources/config/services.yml file should be modified as follows:

parameters:
demo.products_controller.class: Foo\DemoBundle\Controller\ProductsController
services:
# demo.example:
# class: %demo.example.class%
# arguments: [@service_id, "plain_value", %parameter%]
demo.products_controller:
class: %demo.products_controller.class%
arguments: []
calls:
- [ setContainer, ["@service_container"] ]
- [ init, [] ]

the “- [ init, [] ]” part will be used to trigger function call ProductsController.init() each time the controller is being instantiated. This function will take care of the configuration of all controllers but we will get back to this later on.

Now we need to update the routing config app/config/routing.yml file:

products:
pattern: /products
defaults: { _controller: demo.products_controller:indexAction }
requirements: { _method: get }

If the controller would be set up as a “normal” controller , not a service , the configuration would look like this:

products:
pattern: /products
defaults: { _controller: FooDemoBundle:Products:index }
requirements: { _method: get }

As you can see the controller reference notation is different.

To be able to add helper functions to all controllers we need to create ApplicationController which will be extended by all other controllers. This controller will also allow us to access merged GET and POST request parameters which will simplify a lot any request processing. ApplicationController will provide both pagination and data sorting helpers. As an extra feature to the data sorting and pagination we will make it persistent per each controller which allows you to go to any other page and then go back and have your chosen sorting and pagination options applied again.

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namespace Foo\DemoBundle\Controller;

use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\Controller;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\ParameterBag;

class ApplicationController extends Controller {

protected $manager;
protected $perPageDefault;

public function init() {
$this->manager = $this->getDoctrine()->getEntityManager();
$request = $this->getRequest();
$this->params = new ParameterBag(array_merge($request->query->all(), $request->request->all()));
$this->perPageDefault = 10;
}

protected function page() {
$page = $this->params->get("page")? intval($this->params->get("page")): 1;
if($page <= 0) {
$page = 1;
}
return $page;
}

protected function perPage() {
$session = $this->get("session");
$pagination = $session->get("pagination");
if(!is_array($pagination)) {
$pagination = array();
}

if($this->params->get("per_page")) {
$perPage = intval($this->params->get("per_page"));
} elseif(isset($pagination["" . get_class($this)]["per_page"])) {
$perPage = $pagination["" . get_class($this)]["per_page"];
} else {
$perPage = $this->perPageDefault;
}

if($perPage <= 0) {
$perPage = $this->perPageDefault;
}

$pagination["" . get_class($this)]["per_page"] = $perPage;
$session->set("pagination", $pagination);

return $perPage;
}

protected function orderBy($default = "id") {
$orderByData = explode("-", "" . $this->params->get("order_by"));
if($orderByData && $orderByData[0]) {
return $orderByData[0];
} else {
return $default;
}
}

protected function orderDirection($default = "asc") {
$orderByData = explode("-", "" . $this->params->get("order_by"));
$direction = $default;
if($orderByData && isset($orderByData[1]) && $orderByData[1] ) {
if($orderByData[1] == "up") {
$direction = "desc";
} else {
$direction = "asc";
}
}
return $direction;
}

}

Now we need our ProductsController with indexAction

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namespace Foo\DemoBundle\Controller;

use Foo\DemoBundle\Entity\Product;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;

class ProductsController extends ApplicationController
{

function __construct() {

}

function indexAction() {

$offset = ($this->page() - 1) * $this->perPage();

$queryBuilder = $this->manager
->getRepository('FooDemoBundle:Product')
->createQueryBuilder('p')
->orderBy('p.' . $this->orderBy(), $this->orderDirection());

$rowCount = $queryBuilder->select($queryBuilder->expr()->count('p.id'))
->getQuery()->getSingleResult();

$query = $queryBuilder
->select('p')
->setFirstResult( $offset )
->setMaxResults( $this->perPage() )
->getQuery();
$products = $query->getResult();

return $this->render('FooDemoBundle:Products:index.html.twig',
array(
"products" => $products,
"params" => $this->params,
"page" => $this->page(),
"per_page" => $this->perPage(),
"page_count" => (int)ceil($rowCount[1] / $this->perPage()),
"order_by" => $this->orderBy(),
"order_direction" => $this->orderDirection()
)
);
}

protected function orderBy($default = "id") {
$orderBy = parent::orderBy($default);
if(in_array($orderBy , array( "id", "title" ) )) {
return $orderBy;
} else {
return $default;
}

}

Our ProductsController is overwriting orderBy function to set up default order and secure/limit the order_by parameter options.

Pagination template, macros and sorting

Now that the controllers are all set we need to create a Twig macro which will generate for us the necessary pagination widget. This macro is allowing you to specify your own pagination template so customizing the widget is very easy.

All the macros are located in Foo/DemoBundle/Resources/views/global_macros.html.twig

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{% macro paginate(context, pagination_url, pagination_template, page_count, current_page, per_page, side_pages) %}
{% spaceless %}
{% set side_pages = side_pages|default(5) %}
{% set pagination_url = pagination_url|default("#") %}

{% if current_page > page_count %}
{% set current_page = page_count %}
{% endif%}

{% set left_start_page = current_page - side_pages %}

{% if left_start_page < 1 %}
{% set left_start_page = 1 %}
{% endif%}

{% set left_pages = current_page - left_start_page %}

{% set right_end_page = current_page + side_pages %}

{% if right_end_page > page_count %}
{% set right_end_page = page_count %}
{% endif%}

{% set right_pages = right_end_page - current_page %}

{% include pagination_template %}

{% endspaceless %}
{% endmacro%}

Next thing to do is to create pagination template

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{

}

« First

‹ Prev

{

}

...

{

}

{

(

)

(

)

}

{

}

{

}

{

}

{

(

)

(

)

}

{

}

{

}

...

{

}

Next ›

Last »

{

}

As you can see the above template is using my custom query_string Twig function which is merging new request parameters with the current ones and generates a query string, which is useful for paginating search results. To create your own custom Twig function you need to create Twig Extension but I won’t be showing this in this post.

To be able to sort data easily we will need two additional macros

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{% macro order_by_string(order_by, current_order_by, current_order_direction, default_direction) %}
{% spaceless %}
{% if current_order_by == order_by %}
{% if current_order_direction == "desc" %}
{% set order_direction = "down" %}
{% else %}
{% set order_direction = "up" %}
{% endif %}
{% else %}
{% set order_direction = default_direction|default("down") %}
{% endif%}
{{ order_by }}-{{ order_direction }}
{% endspaceless %}
{% endmacro%}

{% macro order_by_class(order_by, order_by_param) %}
{% spaceless %}
{% set css_class = "" %}
{% if order_by_param == order_by ~ "-up" %}
{% set css_class = "headerSortUp" %}
{% endif%}
{% if order_by_param == order_by ~ "-down" %}
{% set css_class = "headerSortDown" %}
{% endif%}
{{css_class}}
{% endspaceless %}
{% endmacro%}

Both those macros will help us to create appropriate order_by values for eg:

1 2	title-up title-down

depending on the current state which allows us to easily toggle between how the data should be ordered.

With all this set up we can create the view template now

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{% include 'FooDemoBundle::global_macros.html.twig' as global_macros %}

Per page:

100

{{ global_macros.paginate(_context, path("products"), pagination_template, page_count, page, per_page, 3) }}

{% for element in products %}

{% endfor %}

product ID	title
{{element.id}}	{{element.title}}

{{ global_macros.paginate(_context, path("products"), pagination_template, page_count, page, per_page, 3) }}

Final thoughts

As you can see, this pagination code is very flexible and can be customized to fit any purpose , especially if you need to create paginated search results which can be bookmarked.

Certain parts of this code have been ported from Ruby on Rails application that I have created before which shows that this solution should be portable to any other MVC and templating framework.

EDIT:
Updated the pagination macro and template to use “pagination_url” passed as parameter as intended , because the template should be reusable.

PHP Suhosin config

Pawel Barcik — Wed, 17 Aug 2011 00:45:26 +0000

As an addition to my previous post :

FastCGI php 5.3.6 compilation on Ubuntu 8.04

you have here a config settings for Suhosin which you can use as a base for further modifications:

[suhosin]

;suhosin.filter.action =

suhosin.cookie.max_array_depth = 100

suhosin.cookie.max_array_index_length = 32500

;suhosin.cookie.max_name_length = 64

;suhosin.cookie.max_totalname_length = 256

;suhosin.cookie.max_value_length = 10000

suhosin.cookie.max_vars = 5000

;suhosin.cookie.disallow_nul = on

suhosin.get.max_array_depth = 100

suhosin.get.max_array_index_length = 32500

;suhosin.get.max_name_length = 64

;suhosin.get.max_totalname_length = 256

suhosin.get.max_value_length = 512000

suhosin.get.max_vars = 5000

;suhosin.get.disallow_nul = on

suhosin.post.max_array_depth = 100

suhosin.post.max_array_index_length = 32500

;suhosin.post.max_name_length = 64

;suhosin.post.max_totalname_length = 256

suhosin.post.max_value_length = 512000

suhosin.post.max_vars = 5000

;suhosin.post.disallow_nul = on

suhosin.request.max_array_depth = 100

suhosin.request.max_array_index_length = 32500

;suhosin.request.max_totalname_length = 256

suhosin.request.max_value_length = 512000

suhosin.request.max_vars = 5000

;suhosin.request.max_varname_length = 64

;suhosin.request.disallow_nul = on

suhosin.upload.max_uploads = 25

;suhosin.upload.disallow_elf = on

;suhosin.upload.disallow_binary = off

;suhosin.upload.remove_binary = off

;suhosin.upload.verification_script =

;suhosin.session.max_id_length = 128

FastCGI php 5.3.6 compilation on Ubuntu 8.04

Pawel Barcik — Wed, 17 Aug 2011 00:36:43 +0000

In this article I will show you how to compile php 5.3 on Ubuntu 8.04 but it should work in a similar manner on later distributions.

Installation

EDIT: 1

added some new dependencies: libicu-dev g++ libmysqlclient-dev

First some dependencies:

apt-get install make gcc autoconf bison re2c libxpm-dev libsasl2-dev libpspell-dev libreadline5-dev libsnmp-dev

#apt-get install apache2 apache2-mpm-prefork apache2-prefork-dev apache2-utils apache2.2-common
apt-get install aspell libaspell-dev libxml2 libsnmp-base libsnmp15 libxml2-dev
apt-get install libbz2-dev libzip-dev libzip1 zlib1g zlib1g-dev
apt-get install curl libcurl4-openssl-dev libcurl3 libcurl3-gnutls
apt-get install libc-client-dev libfreetype6 libfreetype6-dev
apt-get install libjpeg62 libjpeg62-dev libpng12-0 libpng12-dev
apt-get install libmcrypt-dev libmcrypt4 libtidy-dev libxslt1-dev libicu-dev g++ libmysqlclient-dev

# for /usr/bin/apxs2
#aptitude install apache2-threaded-dev apache2-utils apache2.2-common

aptitude install libicu-dev libicu38

#aptitude install mysql-server-core-5.0

#aptitude install mysql-common mysql-server mysql-server-5.0 mysql-client mysql-client-5.0 mysql-server-core-5.0

I have commented out the the dependencies which are needed for compiling the apache2 module because in this post I want to show you how to get the the php5-cgi binary
which is a bit tricky because you can’t compile all binaries at once and you need to know which options to disable to get the CGI .

No we are going to need the php’s source code:

# go to your source directory
cd /usr/local/src

#remove previous source folder if needed
rm -rf php-5.3.6

#fetch the latest source
wget http://uk.php.net/distributions/php-5.3.6.tar.gz

# -o means that we wont preserve the owner, there is also --no-same-permissions
tar -oxzf php-5.3.6.tar.gz
cd php-5.3.6

# with this command you can apply appropriate ownership rights
# if you skip the -o paramater above
# chown -R root:root

Now lets prepare the source for compilation:

#if recompiling
# make clean

# you can display configuration options
# ./configure --help

#removed options
# --disable-short-tags \
# --with-apxs2=/usr/bin/apxs2 \
# --enable-fpm \
# --with-fpm-user=phpfpm \
# --with-fpm-group=phpfpm \

PARENT_FOLDER_LOCATION=/usr/local/php5.3

./configure --prefix=$PARENT_FOLDER_LOCATION \
--with-config-file-path=$PARENT_FOLDER_LOCATION \
--with-config-file-scan-dir=$PARENT_FOLDER_LOCATION/conf.d \
--program-suffix=5.3 \
--disable-cli \
--enable-cgi \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--enable-mbregex \
--with-pcre-regex \
--with-pear \
--enable-intl \
--without-t1lib \
--enable-pcntl \
--with-tsrm-pthreads \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql \
--with-openssl \
--with-zlib \
--enable-sysvmsg \
--enable-sysvsem \
--enable-sysvshm \
--enable-bcmath \
--with-bz2 \
--enable-calendar \
--enable-exif \
--enable-ftp \
--with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir=$PARENT_FOLDER_LOCATION/usr/lib \
--with-png-dir=$PARENT_FOLDER_LOCATION/usr/lib \
--with-xpm-dir=$PARENT_FOLDER_LOCATION/usr/lib \
--enable-gd-native-ttf \
--enable-gd-jis-conv \
--with-iconv-dir \
--with-gettext \
--with-imap \
--with-imap-ssl \
--with-ldap \
--with-ldap-sasl \
--enable-mbstring \
--with-mcrypt \
--with-mhash \
--with-pspell \
--with-readline \
--with-snmp \
--enable-soap \
--enable-sockets \
--with-sqlite \
--enable-sqlite-utf8 \
--enable-wddx \
--with-xmlrpc \
--with-xsl \
--enable-zip \
--with-kerberos \
--with-tidy \
--with-curl \
--with-curlwrappers

Lets compile the code now:

# this will compile the code using multiple processor cores to speed things up
make -j4

# installing the binaries
make install
#or
make install -k
# -k will allow you to process the installation even if there are Apache related errors

By default this installation should look for config files here:

$PARENT_FOLDER_LOCATION/conf.d/
# and
$PARENT_FOLDER_LOCATION/php.ini

To make your life easier it is best to copy your configs from a distribution which allows installation of php 5.3 , for e.g Ubuntu 10.04:

mkdir $PARENT_FOLDER_LOCATION/conf.d/
#copy here ubuntu php 5.3 configs from you local machine which are located in /etc/php5/cgi/conf.d/ folder if you plan on using FastCGI
#copy here ubuntu php 5.3 php.ini from here /etc/php5/cgi/

If you are using FastCGI , DISABLE PATH RESOLUTION / FIXING (!!!) because it will allow to execute code from images or other uploaded files with urls like this “http://example.com/images/foo/hacker.jpg/test/fake.php”.

#!!!!!!!!!!DISABLE PATH RESOLUTION / FIXING !!!!!!!!!!!!!
vi $PARENT_FOLDER_LOCATION/php.ini
#####
...
cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
...
#####

If you would try to install some additional extensions through PEAR it will complain about not being able to find php binary so to solve this you can do this:

ln -s $PARENT_FOLDER_LOCATION/bin/php-cgi5.3 $PARENT_FOLDER_LOCATION/bin/php

but it might collide with your other php binary files, depending on your system $PATH settings

After the installation all your files should be in $PARENT_FOLDER_LOCATION which in my case was /usr/local/php5.3/:

root root 77 Aug 4 03:25 .
root root 4096 Aug 5 19:50 ..
root root 69 Aug 4 02:26 bin
root root 77 Aug 4 03:35 conf.d
root root 16 Aug 4 02:08 include
root root 16 Aug 4 02:08 lib
root root 17 Aug 4 02:09 man
root root 67594 Aug 4 03:28 php.ini

The $PARENT_FOLDER_LOCATION/bin should look like this:

root root 69 Aug 4 02:26 .
root root 77 Aug 4 03:25 ..
root root 32 Aug 4 02:26 php -> /usr/local/php5.3/bin/php-cgi5.3
root root 31487388 Aug 4 02:08 php-cgi5.3
root root 3612 Aug 4 02:09 php-config5.3
root root 4516 Aug 4 02:09 phpize5.3

as you can see the php-cgi5.3 is quite big (~32MB) because all the extensions are compiled into the binary, but a regular php-cgi file from an Ubuntu installation is around 9MB so it is not much of a problem because you get the benefit of simplicity of the installation.

Suchosin extension

To make this installation more secure you will need the Suhosin Extension (not patch, there is no patch for php 5.3.6 as of yet).

This is how you can install it:

cd /usr/local/src
wget http://download.suhosin.org/suhosin-0.9.32.1.tar.gz
tar -ozxf suhosin-0.9.32.1.tar.gz
cd suhosin-0.9.32.1

#run this in suhosin's folder
/usr/local/php5.3/bin/phpize5.3

./configure --prefix=$PARENT_FOLDER_LOCATION --with-php-config=$PARENT_FOLDER_LOCATION/bin/php-config5.3 --enable-suhosin --includedir=$PARENT_FOLDER_LOCATION/include

make

make install

after this installation you should be able to check if it is properly installed with this command or through the phpinfo() page:

/usr/local/php5.3/bin/php-cgi5.3 -v

PHP 5.3.6 (cgi-fcgi) (built: Aug 4 2011 02:07:49)
Copyright (c) 1997-2011 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2011 Zend Technologies
with Suhosin v0.9.32.1, Copyright (c) 2007-2010, by SektionEins GmbH

Possible issues with the installation

Apache related error:

apxs:Error: Activation failed for custom /etc/apache2/httpd.conf file.. apxs:Error: At least one `LoadModule’ directive already has to exist.. make[2]: *** [mod_xmlent-install] Error 1 make[1]: *** [mod_xmlent-install] Error 2

Fix:

# add this to the etc/apache2/httpd.conf
vi $PARENT_FOLDER_LOCATION/etc/apache2/httpd.conf
######
# dummy comment
LoadModule dummy_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_dummy.so
LoadModule mod_xmlent /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_xmlent.so
######

I have tried this quick fix with a single LoadModule line but it doesn’t seem to work.

If after the installation PHP would complain about not being able to load some extensions, use this fix:

# Add: /usr/local/php5.3/lib/php to your php.ini include_path

Related tasks

After you installed new php binaries don’t forget to double check your new config files to prepare them for the production environment , especially fine tune your Suhosin settings because the default values are pretty “tight” and will block your file uploads above 1MB I think , max POST attributes , max request size , any many other things.

Using details from this post you should be able to modify them to get the php-cli and php-fcm binarires but remember that each of those binaries needs to be compiled with separate settings (you cant compile all binaries at once) and compiling an apache 2 module is a pain

If you have any problems with the installation , please leave a comment below

Web Development

Pawel Barcik — Mon, 25 Jul 2011 19:47:27 +0000

Welcome to the web development blog of Gem Coders developer.

The purpose of this blog is to gather all the practical knowledge about web development in php and ruby gained during long days spent on various projects.

As I cant guarantee a high quality English in my posts ( English is not my native language) , please feel free to submit any comments regarding English grammar

I will try to provide best practical solutions known to me, to various system design and server setup problems.

I hope you will enjoy it